Francesco Sacco, Dalton Sakthivadivel, Michael Levin; Topological constraints on self-organization in locally interacting systems. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 14 May 2026; 384 (2320): 20250011.

Detailed instructional walkthrough of the OSI and TCP/IP networking models, explaining each layer’s protocols and responsibilities for practitioners learning co...

A (directed) graph is a set of nodes, connected by arrows (edges). The nodes and edges may contain data. Here are some graphs: All graphs made with graphviz (source) Graphs are ubiquitous in software engineering: Package dependencies form directed graphs, as do module imports. The internet is a graph of links between webpages. Model checkers analyze software by exploring the “state space” of all possible configurations.

Jim Kurose and Keith Ross are prominent computer science professors with extensive experience in networking and related fields. They have received multiple awards for their teaching and research, and both have held leadership roles in academic and professional organizations. Their work focuses on topics like network protocols, security, and multimedia communication.