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Landauer's principle
Landauer's principle is a physical principle that establishes the minimum energy consumption of computation. It states that irreversible changes in information stored in a computer dissipate a minimum amount of heat to the surroundings. The principle was proposed by Rolf Landauer in 1961 and states that the minimum energy needed to erase one bit of information is proportional to the temperature at which the system is operating. While the principle is widely accepted, it has faced challenges in recent years. However, it has been shown that Landauer's principle can be derived from the second law of thermodynamics and the entropy change associated with information gain.
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